Sobre la doctrina de los transcendentales de Aquinas, 700 años después, se han proyectado fines muydistintos: el intento de refundar un nuevo estilo de hacer metafísica o filosofía primera, como propuso JanA. Aertsen; de ampliar un posible uso antropológico aún más compartido, como sugiere Leonardo Polo;de lograr una recomposición lógica de la articulación existente entre los conceptos metafísicos, comoahora propone Millán Puelles. A su vez en la conclusión se trata de justificar una posible complementariedadentre ellas.On the doctrine of the «transcendentals» (...) of Aquinas, —700 years later—, very different aims haveprojected: the attempt to «re-found» a new style to make metaphysics or first philosophy, as Jan A. Aertsenproposed; to extend a possible anthropological use still more shared, as it suggests Leonardo Polo; toobtain a logical resetting of the existing joint between the Metaphysical concepts, as now Millán Puelles proposes. To its time in the conclusion one is to justify a possible complementariness between these three programmatic projects. (shrink)

The three major thesis according to Fides et Ratio, Encyclical of Jean Paul II, are analysed in order to answers the practical materialism of post-modern criticism respect Christian religion. The paper reflect over three question and put up a conclusion. 1) The religion ist a nonsense, later the methodological crisis of present time?; 2) All religion have a sense equally edifying, as defend the discursive Ethics?; 3) The Christianity will have sense in the near millennium, or he will be ruled (...) by metaphysics nihilismus of postmodernity?; 4) Lastly, who must make out all this question: fundamental theology, philosophy of religion or critique of sense? (shrink)

Karl-Otto Apel reconstructs the "linguistic turn" of contemporary philosophy as the passage from Kant to Peirce a hundred years before. First he recovers the transcendental pragmatic of his youth, cleary distinguished from subsequent less trusthworthy translations. Later, Toward a Transformation of Philosophy shows the Kantian root of Peirce's thought. Apel's proposals are very controversial.

The fallibilism of Peirce and Popper admits a process of im-provement, without skepticism or relativism, as the radical post-modernism of some of their followers suggests. However Karl-Otto Apel across their intellectual life have shown that meliorism is very different in both authors: Popper justifies his position by a methodological decisionism, whereas Peirce justifies his approach by a transcendental pragmatic foundation, which is the only valid according to Apel.

Martin Heidegger planteó la pregunta acerca del sentido del ser a través de dos tipos de análisis propedéuticos, autodestructivos y autotranscendentes, según Apel y Polo. La comunicación analiza este primer supuesto, donde el análisis del ente y del ser generó una autoenajenación y perplejidad insalvable. La aparición de deficiencias semióticas y gnoseológicas inevitables hizo que el proyecto programático a favor de la metafísica propuesto por Heidegger ya no pudiera otorgar un alcance transcendental y ontológico a sus propias propuestas, generando una (...) autoenajenación y una perplejidad cada vez mayor. La comunicación concluye mostrando la complementariedad inicial de estas dos críticas del sentido en Heidegger. (shrink)

According to Karl-Otto Apel, Wittgenstein and Heidegger carried away a critic of sense with antithetic pretension to invalidate or to defend the metaphysics, although in both cases approve the presupposition opposed to what that everyone should defended. Both initiated a process of self-destruction of Philosophy, that in pos-modernity generated a greater radicalism, although could not be that.

In Transformation of Philosophy Apel rejected the destructive function of paradoxes of sense criticism in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, without accepting the systematic radicalisation of initial antimetaphysical programmatic projects. In this respect, Apel proposed a positive use of these paradoxes, reconstructing the quasi-transcendental turn by which P. Winch prolonged the proposals of Wittgenstein, in spite of their insufficiency.

The "new dualism" of Peter Winch impact in the critic of Wittgenstein as well in the critic of methodological decisionism of Popper and Habermas in second phase of "positivismusstreit".

The author shows how Proclo is a precursor of 'Mathesis universalis' concept, without admiting the aporetic method of mathematics which is in Plato, Aristotle and Euclides thought. Today, his paradigm is rejected but it is a decisive factor to understand the sources of western thought. This study deals with the works of Brisson, Cleary, Trudeau, Beierwaltes and Schmitz.

The controversy on Positivism is very important because of its influence on Humans Sciences and Comprehensive Sociology. Kart-Otto Apel is the central philosopher in this controversy that moves a transformation of contemporary philosophy.